Panama: The Canopy Tower and the Canopy Lodge
July 3–13, 2023
Arrival in Panama City was smooth for three of us, but Alison waited in Orlando for the later flight she had been assigned to at what was apparently the last minute and without notice. While we puzzled out the first hummingbirds at the Canopy Tower feeders and took an early evening stroll down the entrance road, she was on the road from Panama City; once she’d caught up with us, we settled in to our rooms with time to spare for the first “happy hour” in the dining room.
The next morning, the start of our first full day together in Panama, found us on the observation deck, at treetop level in the forest. The soundtrack started with the eerie calls of great tinamous and the bubbling pops of rufous motmots; as the sun rose over the jungle, the canal in the distance, the first mixed flocks appeared in the sparsely leafed trees of the canopy, and our first parrots arrived to look for fruit.
After breakfast, we set out with Igua and Eric for Pipeline Road, one of the most famous sites in world birding. Birds were everywhere, most of them audible well before visible, and we had our first encounters with many species that would quickly become familiar—and with others, such as the streak-chested antpitta, that rank high on the list of most birders’ most highly sought-after sightings.
Our daily rhythm was established with the return to the tower for lunch, followed by some more hummingbird watching and a visit to the Summit Ponds, on the banks of the canal. A boat-billed heron slept, half-concealed, in the foliage, and we met our first green and Amazon kingfishers. If any bird could be considered best, it was the jet antbird, an uncommon species, always shy and inconspicuous, but a pair eventually gave surprisingly good views in the trailside brush.
Our next morning’s canopy watch was if anything even more successful than that of the day before, and our confidence and familiarity with the parking lot hummingbirds increased with each sighting. We joined Igua and Eric for a walk down the entrance road, highlighted first by a tank with red-legged tree frogs in amplexu and, then, by a pair of black-and-white owls, drowsily staring back at us from their roost right next to the road.
The afternoon was time for a visit to some more open habits, chief among them the Ammo Dump Ponds, where rufescent tiger herons, purple gallinules, and smooth-billed anis were among our first sightings; the highlight here, though, was a white-throated crake, a tiny and usually maddeningly secretive rail that this time, for whatever reason, decided to emerge from the dense marsh vegetation to clamber about in the low bushes, giving unprecedentedly good views.
Our last morning at the tower was one of the best, with excellent sightings of masked tityras, blue dacnises, and white-shouldered tanagers. Hard as it was to leave, we knew that our next destination, the Canopy Lodge, would be at least as productive—and probably cooler.
First, though, we had to pass through the hot and humid lowlands, where a bathroom (and shopping) stop gave us the only saffron finches of our trip, a pair feeding unconcerned at our feet in a strip mall.
Our arrival at the lodge coincided with the beginning of what came to be the expected midday rains, but the feeders were busy nonetheless, and the welcoming party included a fine fasciated tiger heron, discovered by Mark right from the dining area. Orange-billed sparrows, crimson-backed tanagers, and snowy-bellied hummingbirds were among the new species we could watch from the comfort of the couches and chairs, keeping dry while they went about their business in the rain.
That rain was decidedly an afternoon phenomenon, and the next morning dawned bright and cool.
Tino led us on a walk up the hill from the lodge, starting at the waterfall and ending with an army ant swarm. We got to know the plain-brown (unfair name) and cocoa woodcreepers, and plain (even more unfair name) xenopses crept up the vines just off the trail. It was a fine wren day, with excellent views of a rufous-and-white wren—usually very retiring—and rufous-breasted wrens, with their orange underparts and complexly patterned black and white faces some of the most attractive of a very attractive tropical American family.
The afternoon’s downpour gave us a greatly appreciated afternoon off. We were back at it and eager the next morning, though, with a trip uphill to Las Minas. If the day before had featured the wrens, this was the day of the tanager: we saw no fewer than eight different species, including the weird and uncommon dusky-faced, the spectacular silver-throated, and the striking tawny-crested. It was a brown bird, though, the wedge-tailed grassfinch, that would make our outing so memorable, perched singing on a tall grass stem in a clearing overlooking the distant Pacific.
The Gaital Trail is not far from the La Mesa trailhead, but the experience the next morning was very different.
Green hermits, perhaps the most beautiful of the tropical hummingbirds, were chirping at their display posts in the forest, and chestnut-capped brush finches and chestnut-capped warblers emerged from the dark foliage for lifebird-quality looks. With seven tanager species tallied, we nearly matched the record of the day before.
The afternoon rain never arrived in anything approaching earnest, so we met up for another outing, this time to La Moza.
A pair of nesting spectacled owls was a treat, but the real star of this excursion was the rarely seen and spectacularly colored rosy thrush tanager. Our first was a female, attractive enough with her rusty underparts and supraloral, but we eventually saw adult males as well, an implausible combination of black and bright pink, unequally by any other bird in the Americas. As unlikely as it was to have seen even one, or even two, of these beauties, we ended up getting good views of no fewer than six individuals, males and females alike, an experience worth the entire trip.
We’d enjoyed the coolness of the high elevations so much that it was with only half a heart that we decided to undertake the long drive to the Pacific the next day—but it turned out to be a very good decision indeed.
We padded the trip list with a great variety of waterbirds, from black-bellied whistling ducks to wood storks, but the land birding was just as good, peaking with a pair of ferruginous pygmy owls and, finally, good looks at one of the most appealing of the tropical quail, the crested bobwhite. Red-breasted meadowlarks, crested caracaras, and fork-tailed flycatchers, all classic birds of the Central American lowlands, all put on a good show for us, but perhaps the most delightful experience ashore was Lori’s discovery of a nesting pair of straight-billed woodcreepers, making their family home in a hollow fencepost right next to the road.
Lunch at Villa Denise was a chance to enjoy the beach and the water, all under the slightly sinister watchful eye of hordes of black vultures and magnificent frigatebirds. It was here, too, that we discovered by far the rarest bird of our entire time in Panama.
Watching the abundant frigatebirds, brown pelicans, and Sandwich terns, we found a brown shearwater headed toward us, headed steadily for shore. Any tubenose is scarce onshore in Pacific Panama, but the sooty shearwater, so abundant elsewhere in its range, is so rare that the authoritative field guide to the region, Vallely and Dyer’s Central America, does not even admit it to the official list. This bird came to rest on the water for several minutes, then continued north just off the beach, giving excellent and diagnostic views and deigning to permit aesthetically mediocre but identifiable photos. This was a lifebird for Danilo, an infrequent enough occurrence; we would later learn that others had been seen that day off the Osa Peninsula, marking a phenomenon the extent of which will become clear only when all the records are eventually compiled.
Surely we couldn’t hope to equal our day on the coast. But our next, and our last, full day in the Canopy Lodge area was nearly as good.
The Candelarios Trail was extremely birdy, a fine mix of second growth, old forest, and cultivated land. If the sooty shearwater had been our rarest find, the most exciting of the entire trip was the black-crowned antpitta, a bird Tino had cautiously listed among the tentative possibilities on our outing. The first site we checked had no antpittas at all, but the second proved to be the site of one of the most exhilarating experiences a birder could have. A black-crowned responded vocally to playback, then moved in bounding circles around us, giving brief but splendid views on the forest floor before ultimately pausing on a fallen limb just a few feet away. This group of birds encapsulates the exotic appeal of the American tropics, and this species—a lifebird for all of us—is among the most dramatically and startlingly patterned of all. Never did I expect to see this species so well or in such good company.
Our final afternoon excursion took us to the daytime roost of a pair of tropical screech owls, then on to the beautiful garden of Eric’s family in Mata Ahorgado. In between, we made an amazing stop at an anonymous-looking, rather scrubby yard, where a single tree hosted no fewer than fourteen species of birds as we looked on. Black-striped sparrows, blue-black grassquits, snowy-bellied hummingbirds, and best of all, a pair of noisy and inquisitive barred antshrikes visited this modest plumeria; a male garden emerald, as breathtaking as the eponymous gem, made repeat forays into the nearby flowers, while a short-tailed hawk and a crested caracara joined the ever-present vultures overhead. The feeders did their best to keep up, with fine looks at a Lesson motmot and several red-legged honeycreepers, but the “bird tree” remains one of the most memorable sights of a memorable day.
Our last morning in Panama started with a leisurely watch of the feeders at the Canopy Lodge, visited by all of what seemed by now old friends. The three-hour drive back to the tower, up and over the spine of southern Central America, was uneventful, and soon enough we found ourselves seated at lunch in the dining room where we’d started. An early afternoon’s hummingbird watching was interrupted by an adventure of a different sort, when Mark, safely harnessed, ascended to the very top of the bright yellow dome, where he enjoyed a view seen by very few over the past sixty years.
Rain threatened. The lure of an afternoon’s visit to the Rainforest Discovery Center and its own hundred-foot canopy tower was irresistible, though, and we joined Igua for a hike through the dense forest—our efforts dwarfed by the leafcutter trail that was at least as long as our own. Scarlet-rumped caciques, purple-throated fruit crows, and yellow-tailed orioles were among the most colorful of the birds we found, all of them, though, outshined by male golden-collared manakins, glowing bits of deep yellow in the dark of the jungle. At the end of the trail, a quiet backwater of Lake Gatun was home to lesser kiskadees, purple gallinules, and a female snail kite; this time, the white-throated crakes remained merely a voice.
We ended the day, and our time together in Panama, with the climb up the discovery center’s tower, constructed of remnants reclaimed from buildings associated with the building of the canal a century and a quarter ago. The helical staircase was dizzying, and so was the view from the top, but well worth the climb. A pair of scaled pigeons perched close, and a distant bare-limbed tree rising above the canopy played host to a variety of rainforest birds, finally including a male blue cotinga, an increasingly scarce species that we had virtually written off for this trip.
A final dinner, a farewell, and a diabolically early departure for the Panama City airport: we can’t wait to do it again!
Tinamous—Tinamidae
Great Tinamou, Tinamus major
Waterfowl—Anatidae
Black-bellied Whistling-Duck, Dendrocygna autumnalis
Guans—Cracidae
Gray-headed Chachalaca, Ortalis cinereiceps
Black Guan, Chamaepetes unicolor
Odontophoridae
Crested Bobwhite, Colinus cristatus
Pigeons—Columbidae
Rock Pigeon, Columba livia
Pale-vented Pigeon, Patagioenas cayennensis
Scaled Pigeon, Patagioenas speciosa
Plain-breasted ground dove, Columbina minuta
Ruddy Ground-Dove, Columbina talpacoti
Gray-chested Dove, Leptotila cassinii
White-tipped Dove, Leptotila verreauxi
Mourning Dove, Zenaida macroura
Cuckoos—Cuculidae
Greater Ani, Crotophaga major
Smooth-billed Ani, Crotophaga ani
Groove-billed Ani, Crotophaga sulcirostris
Striped Cuckoo, Tapera naevia
Squirrel Cuckoo, Piaya cayana
Potoos—Nyctibiidae
Great Potoo, Nyctibius grandis
Swifts—Apodidae
Band-rumped Swift, Chaetura spinicaudus
Short-tailed Swift, Chaetura brachyura
Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift, Panyptila cayennensis
White-collared Swift, Streptoprocne zonaris
Hummingbirds—Trochilidae
White-necked Jacobin, Florisuga mellivora
White-tipped Sicklebill, Eutoxeres aquila
Rufous-breasted Hermit, Glaucis hirsutus
Green Hermit, Phaethornis guy
Long-billed Hermit, Phaethornis longirostris
Stripe-throated Hermit, Phaethornis striigularis
Rufous-crested Coquette, Lophornis delattrei
Garden Emerald, Chlorostilbon assimilis
Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer, Chalybura urochrysia
White-vented Plumeleteer, Chalybura buffoni
Crowned Woodnymph, Thalurania colombica
Blue-chested Hummingbird, Polyerata amabilis
Snowy-bellied Hummingbird, Saucerottia edward
Rufous-tailed Hummingbird, Amazilia tzacatl
Sapphire-throated Hummingbird, Chrysuronia coeruleogularis
Violet-bellied Hummingbird, Chlorestes julie
Rails—Rallidae
Gray-cowled Wood-Rail, Aramides cajaneus
Purple Gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus
White-throated Crake, Laterallus albigularis
Stilts and Avocets—Recurvirostridae
Black-necked Stilt, Himantopus mexicanus
Plovers—Charadriidae
Southern Lapwing, Vanellus chilensis
Jacanas—Jacanidae
Wattled Jacana, Jacana jacana
Gulls and Terns—Laridae
Sandwich Tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis
Shearwaters—Procellariidae
Sooty Shearwater, Ardenna grisea
Storks—Ciconiidae
Wood Stork, Mycteria americana
Frigatebirds—Fregatidae
Magnificent Frigatebird, Fregata magnificens
Boobies—Sulidae
Blue-footed Booby, Sula nebouxii
Darters—Anhingidae
Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga
Cormorants—Phalacrocoracidae
Neotropic Cormorant, Nannopterum brasilianum
Pelicans—Pelecanidae
Brown Pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis
Herons—Ardeidae
Least Bittern, Ixobrychus minutus
Rufescent Tiger-Heron, Tigrisoma lineatum
Fasciated Tiger-Heron, Tigrisoma fasciatum
Great Egret, Ardea alba
Little Blue Heron, Egretta caerulea
Cattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis
Green Heron, Butorides virescens
Black-crowned Night-Heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
Boat-billed Heron, Cochlearius cochlearius
Ibis—Threskiornithidae
White Ibis, Eudocimus albus
Glossy Ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
New World Vultures—Cathartidae
Black Vulture, Coragyps atratus
Turkey Vulture, Cathartes aura
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture, Cathartes burrovianus
Hawks, Eagles, and Kites—Accipitridae
White-tailed Kite, Elanus leucurus
Swallow-tailed Kite, Elanoides forficatus
Gray-headed Kite, Leptodon cayanensis
Double-toothed Kite, Harpagus bidentatus
Crane Hawk, Geranospiza caerulescens
Savanna Hawk, Buteogallus meridionalis
Snail Kite, Rostrhamus sociabilis
Great Black Hawk, Buteogallus urubutinga
Roadside Hawk, Rupornis magnirostris
Semiplumbeous Hawk, Leucopternis semiplumbeus
Short-tailed Hawk, Buteo brachyurus
Zone-tailed Hawk, Buteo albonotatus
Owls—Strigidae
Tropical Screech-Owl, Megascops choliba
Spectacled Owl, Pulsatrix perspicillata
Black-and-white Owl, Ciccaba nigrolineata
Ferruginous Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium brasilianum
Mottled Owl, Strix virgata
Trogons—Trogonidae
Slaty-tailed Trogon, Trogon massena
Black-tailed Trogon, Trogon melanurus
White-tailed Trogon, Trogon chionurus
Gartered Trogon, Trogon caligatus
Black-throated Trogon, Trogon rufus
Collared Trogon, Trogon collaris
Motmots—Momotidae
Tody Motmot, Hylomanes momotula
Whooping Motmot, Momotus subrufescens
Lesson Motmot, Momotus lessonii
Rufous Motmot, Barypthengus martii
Broad-billed Motmot, Electron platyrhynchum
Kingfishers—Alcedinidae
Ringed Kingfisher, Megaceryle torquata
Amazon Kingfisher, Chloroceryle amazona
Green Kingfisher, Chloroceryle americana
American Pygmy Kingfisher, Chloroceryle aenea
Puffbirds—Bucconidae
White-necked Puffbird, Notharchus hyperrhynchos
Toucans—Ramphastidae
Collared Aracari, Pteroglossus torquatus
Keel-billed Toucan, Ramphastos sulfuratus
Yellow-throated Toucan, Ramphastos ambiguus
Woodpeckers —Picidae
Black-cheeked Woodpecker, Melanerpes pucherani
Red-crowned Woodpecker, Melanerpes rubricapillus
Cinnamon Woodpecker, Celeus loricatus
Lineated Woodpecker, Dryocopus lineatus
Falcons and Caracaras—Falconidae
Crested Caracara, Caracara plancus
Yellow-headed Caracara, Milvago chimachima
New World Parrots—Psittacidae
Orange-chinned Parakeet, Brotogeris jugularis
Brown-hooded Parrot, Pyrilia haematotis
Blue-headed Parrot, Pionus menstruus
Red-lored Parrot, Amazona autumnalis
Mealy Parrot, Amazona farinosa
Manakins—Pipridae
White-ruffed Manakin, Corapipa altera
Velvety Manakin, Lepidothrix velutina
White-collared Manakin, Manacus candei
Golden-collared Manakin, Manacus vitellinus
Cotingas—Cotingidae
Purple-throated Fruitcrow, Querula purpurata
Blue Cotinga, Cotinga nattererii
Tityras and Allies—Tityridae
Masked Tityra, Tityra semifasciata
White-winged Becard, Pachyramphus polychopterus
Royal Flycatchers—Onychorhynchidae
Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher, Myioborus sulphureipygius
Tyrant Flycatchers—Tyrannidae
Golden-crowned Spadebill, Platyrinchus coronatus
Olive-striped Flycatcher, Mionectes olivaceus
Sepia-capped Flycatcher, Leptopogon amaurocephalus
Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant, Lophotriccus pileatus
Southern Bentbill, Oncostoma olivaceum
Common Tody-Flycatcher, Todirostrum cinereum
Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher, Todirostrum nigriceps
Olivaceous Flatbill, Rhynchocyclus olivaceus
Brown-capped Tyrannulet, Ornithion brunneicapillus
Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet, Camptostoma obsoletum
Mouse-colored Tyrannulet, Nesotriccus murinus
Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet, Tyrannulus elatus
Yellow-bellied Elaenia, Elaenia flavogaster
Mistletoe Tyrannulet, Zimmerius parvus
Bright-rumped Attila, Attila spadiceus
Dusky-capped Flycatcher, Myiarchus tuberculifer
Panama Flycatcher, Myiarchus panamensis
Lesser Kiskadee, Philohydor lictor
Great Kiskadee, Pitangus sulphuratus
Boat-billed Flycatcher, Megarhynchus pitangua
Rusty-margined Flycatcher, Myiozetetes cayanensis
Social Flycatcher, Myiozetetes similis
Gray-capped Flycatcher, Myiozetetes granadensis
Streaked Flycatcher, Myiodynastes maculatus
Piratic Flycatcher, Legatus leucophaius
Tropical Kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus
Fork-tailed Flycatcher, Tyrannus savana
Gnateaters—Conopophagidae
Black-crowned Antpitta—Pittasoma michleri
Typical Antbirds—Thamnophilidae
Fasciated Antshrike, Cymbilaimus lineatus
Barred Antshrike, Thamnophilus doliatus
Black-crowned Antshrike, Thamnophilus atrinucha
Russet Antshrike, Thamnistes anabatinus
Plain Antvireo, Dysithamnus mentalis
Spot-crowned Antvireo, Dysithamnus punticeps
White-flanked Antwren, Myrmotherula axillaris
Slaty Antwren, Myrmotherula schisticolor
Checker-throated Stipplethroat, Epinecrophylla fulviventris
Dot-winged Antwren, Microrhopias quixensis
Jet Antbird, Cercomacra nigricans
Spotted Antbird, Hylophylax naeviodes
Bicolored Antbird, Gymnopithys bicolor
Antpittas—Grallariidae
Streak-chested Antpitta, Hylopezus perspicillatus
Antthrushes—Formicariidae
Black-faced Antthrush, Formicarius analis
Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers—Furnariidae
Plain-brown Woodcreeper, Dendrocincla fuliginosa
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper, Glyphorhynchus spirurus
Cocoa Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus susurrans
Black-striped Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus
Spotted Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus erythropygius
Straight-billed Woodcreeper, Dendroplex picus
Plain Xenops, Xenops minutus
Pale-breasted Spinetail, Synallaxis albescens
Vireos—Vireonidae
Green Shrike-Vireo, Vireolanius pulchellus
Lesser Greenlet, Pachysylvia decurtata
Golden-fronted Greenlet, Pachysylvia aurantiifrons
Yellow-green Vireo, Vireo flavoviridis
Crows and Jays—Corvidae
Black-chested Jay, Cyanocorax affinis
Swallows—Hirundinidae
Mangrove Swallow, Tachycineta albilinea
Blue-and-white Swallow, Pygochelidon cyanoleuca
Southern Rough-winged Swallow, Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
Gray-breasted Martin, Progne chalybea
Gnatcatchers—Polioptilidae
Long-billed Gnatwren, Ramphocaenus melanurus
White-browed Gnatcatcher, Polioptila albiloris
Wrens—Troglodytidae
Rufous-breasted Wren, Pheugopedius rutilus
Black-bellied Wren, Pheugopedius fasciatoventris
Isthmian Wren, Cantorchilus elutus
Bay Wren, Cantorchilus nigricapillus
White-breasted Wood-Wren, Henicorhina leucosticte
Song Wren, Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus
Rufous-and-white Wren, Thryophilus rufalbus
House Wren, Troglodytes aedon
Mimic Thrushes—Mimidae
Tropical Mockingbird, Mimus gilvus
Thrushes—Turdidae
Pale-vented Thrush, Turdus obsoletus
Clay-colored Thrush, Turdus grayi
Old World Sparrows—Passeridae
House Sparrow, Passer domesticus
Finches—Fringillidae
Yellow-crowned Euphonia, Euphonia luteicapilla
Thick-billed Euphonia, Euphonia laniirostris
Tawny-capped Euphonia, Euphonia anneae
Lesser Goldfinch, Spinus psaltria
Thrush-Tanager—Rhodinocichlidae
Rosy Thrush-Tanager, Rhodinocichla rosea
New World Sparrows—Passerellidae
Black-striped Sparrow, Arremonops conirostris
Orange-billed Sparrow, Arremon aurantiirostris
Chestnut-capped Brush Finch, Arremon brunneinucha
Icterids—Icteridae
Red-breasted Meadowlark, Leistes militaris
Yellow-billed Cacique, Amblycercus holosericeus
Crested Oropendola, Psarocolius decumanus
Chestnut-headed Oropendola, Psarocolius wagleri
Scarlet-rumped Cacique, Cacicus uropygialis
Yellow-rumped Cacique, Cacicus cela
Yellow-tailed Oriole, Icterus mesomelas
Shiny Cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis
Giant Cowbird, Molothus oryzivorus
Great-tailed Grackle, Quiscalus mexicanus
New World Warblers—Parulidae
Buff-rumped Warbler, Myiothlypis fulvicauda
Chestnut-capped Warbler, Basileuterus delattrii
Cardinal Grosbeaks—Cardinalidae
Hepatic Tanager, Piranga flava
Red-throated Ant-Tanager, Habia fuscicauda
Red-crowned Ant-Tanager, Habia rubica
Black-faced Grosbeak, Caryothraustes poliogaster
Blue-black Grosbeak, Cyanoloxia cyanoides
Mitrospingus—Mitrospingidae
Dusky-faced Tanager, Mitrospingus cassinii
Tanagers—Thraupidae
Blue-gray Tanager, Thraupis episcopus
Palm Tanager, Thraupis palmarum
Golden-hooded Tanager, Stilpnia larvata
Plain-colored Tanager, Tangara inornata
Bay-headed Tanager, Tangara gyrola
Emerald Tanager, Tangara florida
Silver-throated Tanager, Tangara icterocephala
Saffron Finch, Sicalis flaveola
Green Honeycreeper, Chlorophanes spiza
Black-and-yellow Tanager, Chrysothlypis chrysomelas
Blue-black Grassquit, Volatinia jacarina
White-shouldered Tanager, Tachyphonus luctuosus
Tawny-crested Tanager, Tachyphonus delattrii
White-lined Tanager, Tachyphonus rufus
Flame-rumped Tanager, Ramphocelus flammigerus
Crimson-backed Tanager, Ramphocelus dimidiatus
Red-legged Honeycreeper, Cyanerpes cyaneus
Scarlet-thighed Dacnis, Dacnis venusta
Blue Dacnis, Dacnis cayana
Bananaquit, Coereba flaveola
Yellow-faced Grassquit, Tiaris olivacea
Thick-billed Seedfinch, Sporophila funerea
Variable Seedeater, Sporophila corvina
Slate-colored Seedeater, Sphorophila schistacea
Yellow-bellied Seedeater, Sporophila nigricollis
Ruddy-breasted Seedeater, Sporophila minuta
Wedge-tailed Grass Finch, Emberizoides herbicola
Buff-throated Saltator, Saltator maximus
Streaked Saltator, Saltator striatipectus
Where to next?
