Berlin 2018

great bustard

Another fantastic Victor Emanuel Nature Tours Birds and Art excursion to northeastern Germany — great group of participants and a great experience all around!

Some notes and some pictures:

Birds and Art in Berlin and Brandenburg

September 29 – October 8, 2018

Charlottenburg

It’s hard to imagine anything bird-and-artier than a walk through the palace gardens at Charlottenburg. With the Baroque splendor of Queen Sophie-Charlotte’s summer house as the backdrop, the woods, ponds, and formal lawns are aflutter with birds, from Eurasian Wrens and European Robins trilling in the shady underbrush to exotic Mandarin Ducks and soberly clad European Coots dotting the water. Our morning’s walk there, beneath the crystal clear skies of the German “Nachsommer,” was one of the most exciting of our trip, new birds and new vistas around every corner.

European Robin cute August

Even birders have to keep body and soul together, though, and our ears and eyes finally sated, it was time to pay a little attention to our stomachs. The midday meal across the street at Opera Italiana was as delicious as always—and identifying the photographs of celebrities on the walls as challenging as ever. And then we were faced with one of the agonizing choices a city as culturally rich as Berlin threw at us again and again: some of us wound up in front of the Klees at the Berggruen Museum, others admiring the art nouveau treasures of the Bröhan, others enjoying the surrealist experience at the Scharf-Gerstenberg. As always, the day’s impressions provided fodder for lively conversation over yet another excellent dinner together.

great spotte woodpecker at garbageOur days were like that, birding and sightseeing and simply soaking in the landscapes, cultural and natural, that make northeastern Germany such a fascinating destination for the birder with broad interests. A morning’s walk through the polders and marshy lowlands of the Oder River was highlighted by three species of woodpecker; the fine Great Gray Shrike that paid us a visit was no doubt hoping to make closer acquaintance with the Yellowhammers hopping cooperatively down our path. The light rain that set in after lunch made the thirteenth-century Chorin monastery all the more evocative as we wandered the deserted cloister and marveled at the ruins of the giant nave.

Reichstag, dome

Berlin is full of more recent history, too, of course, and we started the tour with an excellent dinner atop the roof of the Reichstag building; afterwards, as the moon rose over the city, we slowly ascended Norman Foster’s magnificent dome for a foretaste of many of the places we would visit in the course of our time together, from the Nikolaiviertel—site of Berlin’s earliest settlement, where we witnessed the dress rehearsal for a peculiar piece of performance art in St. Nicholas Church—to Potsdamer Platz and the spectacular Sony Center, one of the most vibrant symbols of a reborn Berlin. We looked out, too, over some of the greatest museums in the world, museums like the Pergamon, the Neues Museum, and Berlin’s incomparably rich Gemäldegalerie, which most of us would visit in the days ahead to view such treasures as the Ishtar Gate, the Golden Hat, and masterpieces from the brushes of Cranach and Caravaggio.

Nikolaikirche Mittelschiff

Our cultural experiences both alternated and overlapped with our birding. The huge goose flocks at Altfriedland were resting on ancient fish ponds excavated on the orders of the nuns of the Cistercian monastery there, and in Berlin, right across the street from our very comfortable hotel, some of our most productive walks were in the Friedrichshain, the large wooded park created to commemorate the centennial of Frederick the Great’s ascent to the throne of Prussia. The dozen and a half Mandarin Ducks on the lake there quickly became “our” Mandarins, and the Blue and Great Tits, European Nuthatches, and Wood Pigeons of the Streamside Garden there welcomed us as if we were old friends bearing sunflower seeds. Among the very first official birds of the tour was the Northern Goshawk that powered across the park low over our heads on our first pre-breakfast walk.

Kloster Altfriedland

Even our one day devoted almost entirely to the birds—the drive to the Gülper See by way of Senzke—was enriched by the cultural weight of the landscapes we admired. We had no difficulty quickly finding our target, the Great Bustard, five of which loafed casually on a roadside field, dwarfing the Common Raven that joined them. Our delight was tempered but our gratitude doubled by the knowledge that we were looking at something like 2% of the country ‘s entire tenuous population of the species, down from the 4,000 individuals still present before the Second World War: birds have their historical fates, too, and the bustard’s has not always been a happy one.

white-tailed eagle

At the Gülper See, we sorted through endless flocks of geese and gasped at the arrivals of massive White-tailed Eagles as we stood in the shadow of the windmill of Prietz, constructed in 1773. Our late lunch at the nearby Charly’s Treff was a glimpse into the architecture and interior design of a later but equally historic period, East Germany ca. 1970—in welcome contrast to those long-ago days, though, with excellent food and charming service.

white wagtail

As usual on this tour, I found myself guilty again and again of proclaiming every new sight and site “my all-time favorite in the world.” I think everyone in our companionable group now understands why.

September 29: flights to Tegel, with arrival in Berlin the following day.

September 30: bright, clear, and warm (60s F). Assemble in hotel at 5:30 pm. Short walk to the Reichstag and 6:30 dinner at Käfer, the restaurant on the Reichstag roof, followed by a nocturnal visit to the Reichstag dome as the moon rose over the city lights. Back in hotel 10:40 pm.

October 1: breakfast in hotel. Optional birding walk in Friedrichshain. Full group assembled at 9:00 am for fuller exploration of the park, returning to the hotel at 11:20; break in hotel to 12:00 noon. Ten minutes on bus 200 to Lustgarten, then short stroll down the Spree to the Nikolaiviertel. Lunch 1:00-3:00 in Altes Berliner Weißbierhaus, followed by Nikolaikirche and surrounding landmarks 3:00-4:20 pm, where we witnessed rehearsal for a new piece of art for organ and voice and space. At hotel 4:40 pm. Clouding over, cooler, more humid. Checklist in hotel at 5:30, dinner down the street at Pane e Rose 6:00-8:50 pm. Light shower during dinner followed by clearing skies and temperatures in the low 50s F. At hotel 8:55 pm.

October 2: breakfast in hotel beginning at 6:30 am. Left hotel on minibus at 7:40 am; chilly, bright, breezy. After restroom and snack break on the way, Teerofenbrücke north of Schwedt 9:40 am – 12:10 pm. Lunch 12:25-2:10 pm at Charlys Treff. Rapidly clouding over, with mist and light drizzle, 40s F. Chorin Monastery 2:50-4:20. Arrive hotel 5:45 pm. Checklist 6:45 pm, followed by 10-minute M4 tram to Hackescher Markt; dinner Brauhaus Lemke 7:30-10:00 pm. At hotel 10:30 pm. Temperatures rising, clouds dissipating.

October 3: breakfast in hotel beginning at 6:30 am. Left hotel on minibus at 8:30 am, arriving Sans Souci 9:40 am after restroom and snack break on the way. Palace gardens 9:40-11:30 am. Lunch at Altstadtwächter in Potsdam 11:40-1:50. Sans Souci gardens and palace 2:05-4:00 pm. Light rain on and off all day, alternating with bright blue skies; wind, mid-60s F. At hotel 5:30 pm. Bus 200 to dinner and checklist at Lindenbräu, Sony Center, 7:35-9:35 pm. Subway and tram to hotel, back at 9:55 pm.

 

October 4: breakfast in hotel beginning at 6:30 am. Left hotel on minibus at 7:30 am. Great Bustards near Senzke at 9:25 am. Chilly, occasional light rain, scattered fog, humid, calm. Gülper See, southern shore, 10:10 am – 1:15 pm. Lunch 2:00-4:00 at Alte Brennerei Liepe. At hotel 5:40 pm. Dinner and checklist in hotel 7:30-9:15 pm. Garlitz and Gülper See, lunch, break, dinner.

October 5: breakfast in hotel beginning at 6:30 am. Left 8:50 am for tram M4 to M10 to Charlottenburg; walk to Charlottenbug Park, arriving 9:50 am. Charlottenburg 9:50-12:25. Beautiful bright skies, calm, low 70s F. Lunch 12:30-2:45 at Mangia Opera Italiana. Berggruen, Bröhan, and Surrealist Museum and Berlin Collection of Casts from Classical Antiquity, 2:50-4:15 pm. At hotel 5:00 pm. Tram M4 7:00 pm to Prenzlauer Berg. Dinner 7:30-10:00 pm Zum Dritten Mann, Kollwitzstrasse. At hotel 10:20 pm.

October 6: breakfast in hotel beginning 7:00 am. Left at 7:40 am in minibus for Altfriedland; with stop on the way for coffee and restrooms, arrived 9:45 am. Altfriedländer Teiche 9:45 am to 12:15 pm. Restroom break at Kloster Altfriedland. Lunch 12:55-2:45 pm at Landgasthof Bliesdorf, followed by short walk in Altfriedland. Warm and bright, with light breezes; slight overcast in evening. At hotel 5:10 pm. Tram M4 at 7:00 for Hackescher Markt; dinner Restauration 1840 7:20-10:15 pm. At hotel 10:25 pm.

October 7: breakfast in hotel beginning 7:00 am. Optional birding 7:00-7:55 am in Friedrichshain. Overcast, breezy, 50s F. Left on Bus 200 for Lustgarten at 9:45 am. Museums of Museum Island 10:00 am on: some to Neues, some to Altes, some to Pergamonmuseum; others to Alte Nationalgalerie. Lunch on own. Assemble at hotel at 2:00 pm for minibus drive to Linum. Back at hotel 6:10 pm. Dinner in hotel 6:30-8:30 pm.

October 8: breakfast in hotel beginning 6:30 am. Departures.

BIRDS

Waterfowl

Graylag Goose, Anser anser: common throughout on larger lakes and fields, with a few flyovers in the city itself. The largest numbers were at the Gülper See and the Altfriedland ponds, where flocks totaled in the low thousands. The nominate race of this species, A.a. anser, is the most redundantly named of all birds: “lag” and “anser” both mean “goose,” making that subspecies literally the gray goose goose goose goose goose.

Greater White-fronted Goose, Anser albifrons: very small numbers at the Gülper See and Altfriedland. All seen were adults, and all had a knack for disappearing into the mass of slightly larger Graylag Geese, requiring some effort to “get on” them.

Tundra Bean Goose, Anser serrirostris: notably small numbers this year. The largest numbers were at Altfriedland, where we found a few dozen scattered in the massive Graylag flock; at the Gülper See, where this species is often abundant, we had a scant score in flight overhead.

Bar-headed Goose, Anser indicus: one adult at the Gülper See. This introduced species is well established in Germany and has been on the “official” country list for some years. Individuals, pairs, and family groups are usually seen with other gray geese, and this bird, true to form, was in the middle of a large flock of Graylag Geese, where it was sometimes hard to pick out. Famous for its extraordinary cross-Himalayan migrations, this species retains its migratory habits in Germany.

Canada Goose, Branta canadensis: two at Charlottenburg Palace. This introduced species is established over much of Germany, but has been much less successful than in some other parts of Europe and Britain.

Mute Swan, Cygnus olor: scattered throughout, many in family groups with up to four dusky brown cygnets. The “Polish” Mute Swan, in which even the young birds are white, is occasionally encountered in eastern Brandenburg.

Mandarin Duck, Aix galericulata: common on small wooded ponds in Berlin and Potsdam. Long established in this part of Germany, these birds were introduced for their extreme beauty, and are a now a much sought-after specialty of the area. Our high count in Friedrichshain was an impressive eighteen, and combined with the birds at Sans Souci and Charlottenburg, we tallied something like fifty individuals during the tour. With summer barely past, the males were already in full courtship mode, sails raised as they chased and strutted on the water; the specific name “galericulata” means “little helmeted bird,” an apt description of the male’s colorful headgear.

Northern Shoveler, Spatula clypeata: small numbers on larger bodies of water, the total for the trip only about 25.

Gadwall, Mareca strepera: scattered individuals and small flocks on large bodies of water, totaling about 30 for the week.

Eurasian Wigeon, Mareca penelope: sometimes hard to find this early in the season, but this year very common at the Gülper See, where each scan of the goose flock turned up several dozen.

Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos: small numbers throughout, on bodies of water ranging from the smallest of park ponds to the large lakes at Altfriedland and Gülpe.

Northern Pintail, Anas acuta: three or four at the Gülper See, half a dozen at Altfriedland.

Common Teal, Anas crecca: abundant at the Gülper See, with numbers in the high hundreds, and common at Altfriedland, numbers there of 100 or more. Most males were still in their dull, “eclipse” plumage, but already some were giving their scratchy courting calls, the source of the scientific species name. Most taxonomic authorities now split this species from North America’s Green-winged Teal.

Tufted Duck, Aythya fuligula: the best views of this common breeder and winterer were on the lake at Charlottenburg, where the ten or so birds were equally divided into males and females.

Tufted x Ring-necked Duck, Aythya fuligula x collaris: a single drake on the lake at Charlottenburg, with the neat blue and white bill pattern of the Ring-necked and the crest (though shorter) of a Tufted; the flanks were largely white, with some gray clouding the rear flanks. The wing stripe was not seen. This is a well-known but quite uncommon hybrid combination, illustrated in the standard field guide by Svensson et al.; the Ring-necked Duck parent can be either a genuine vagrant or an escape from captivity.

Common Goldeneye, Bucephala clangula: three at the Gülper See. This species is an uncommon breeder in forests throughout Brandenburg, slightly more common in migration and winter. The German name, “Schellente,” refers to the sleighbell-like whistle produced by the wings in flight; our birds were all on the water.

Pheasants

Ring-necked Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus: introduced and long established in Germany, as it is over most of Europe. Four or five were found standing on fallow fields in the Märkische Schweiz.

Grebes

Great Crested Grebe, Podiceps cristatus: a common breeder on ponds of all sizes, but by this time of year most have moved onto larger bodies of water for the winter. Our best views were at Altfriedland, especially of one individual still showing some of the elaborate breeding plumage that surfaced ever closer to us as we watched from the bank.

Little Grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis: one at Altfriedland.

Cormorants

Great Cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo: very common throughout, with large roosts on the mud at the Gülper See. Just like our Double-crested Cormorant, this species is increasing rapidly and spreading; singles were seen over our hotel and small numbers even in the middle of Berlin on the Spree.

Herons

Gray Heron, Ardea cinerea: scattered here and there, the largest number a loose aggregation of seven birds on a field just north of Berlin, no doubt in search of mice. Birds at Sans Souci and in the Friedrichshain across from our hotel gave exceptionally good looks.

Great Egret, Ardea alba: just thirty years ago it would have been notable to find a single bird of this species in northeastern Germany. Now, the nearly 100 individuals at Altfriedland were only a mild surprise, and if this is not the country’s most abundant heron, it is certainly its most conspicuous. Currently considered conspecific with the North American bird, European Great Egrets differ markedly in their soft-part colors in the breeding season and may well prove a separate species.

Hawks, Kites, and Eagles

Red Kite, Milvus milvus: common in the countryside, but this is one bird no one could ever grow tired of, huge and colorful. The Red Kite is a species of particular interest to Germany’s wind energy industry, and every effort is made to keep the giant windmills and the birds apart. This is the species notorious for having patrolled the streets of medieval European cities, snatching food from the hands of unsuspecting pedestrians; it now haunts more rural habitats.

White-tailed Eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla: one of the past half century’s great conservation triumphs, this once-rare bird is now among the commonest and most conspicuous raptors on the north German plain. Nesting is still very local, but by September birds are popping up everywhere there is a chance at a moribund fish or goose. Our closest views were at the Gülper See, where one immature bird landed at close range, only to be “mobbed” by a Hooded Crow. Most impressive of all, though, were the two adults soaring high in the blue sky over Bliesfeld as we returned to our minibus after lunch.

Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus: seen twice in the Friedrichshain, the first bird a furtive blur on our first early morning walk, the second giving much better views on our last early morning walk. It is possible that the species nests in the park, but at this date a hungry migrant is just as likely.

Northern Goshawk, Accipiter gentilis: Berlin’s urban goshawks are famous around the world. With something like thirty pairs in the city limits, the bird is remarkably common, but that makes this secretive woodland raptor no easier to see than it ever is. We were very fortunate on our first early morning walk in the Friedrichshain to have a massive individual fly low over our heads, no doubt to the horror of the ducks on the pond.

Common Buzzard, Buteo buteo: very common in the countryside, with seemingly every other field surveyed by one or more perched on the ground, a fence, a tree, or a hunter’s stand. Like some other buteos, this species appears in a wide range of plumage aspects, and we saw some very black birds.

Bustards

Great Bustard, Otis tarda: five individuals near Senzke on October 4. As expected, these birds were loafing on a rape field, accompanied by and decidedly dwarfing a Common Raven. If it continues, the still tenuous recovery of this rare bird in eastern Germany will be one of the great conservation successes of our age. Larger populations are still extant in Poland, Hungary, and Spain, but our five represented something like 1.5% of Germany’s entire stock of Europe’s heaviest native bird.

Rails

Eurasian Coot, Fulica atra: fairly common large bodies of water. Our best views were of several extremely bold birds on the lake at Charlottenburg.

Cranes

Common Crane, Grus grus: this attractive species lived up to its name on fields and pastures every time we left Berlin—and flocks could even be heard passing over our hotel at times. Common Cranes breed throughout Brandenburg, but they are most conspicuous in early October, when Scandinavian migrants are at their peak.

Plovers

Northern Lapwing, Vanellus vanellus: five gave great views as they flew past us at the Gülper See. This big crested plover is common in the area at this season, but concentrations seem to shift from year to year. The name is the product of a folk etymology of an Old English word meaning “bounding flutterer,” in reference to the bird’s swooping flight style.

Sandpipers

Ruff, Calidris pugnax: four wandered through as we were concentrating on keeping track of the Bar-headed Goose at the Gülper See.

Gulls

Black-headed Gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus: common on larger bodies of water, with a few here and there on the Spree in Berlin.

Yellow-legged Gull, Larus michahellis: common on larger bodies of water, with a few here and there on the Spree or soaring high overhead in Berlin.

Common Gull, Larus canus: four adults were loafing at great distance with Yellow-legged Gulls at the Gülper See. While the AOS (the former AOU) still considers this and the North American Mew Gull a single species, most more progressive taxonomies split them.

Pigeons

Feral Pigeon, Columba livia: common in urban centers, villages, and farmfields, but everywhere outnumbered by Wood Pigeons. Native to the seaside cliffs of Europe and Asia Minor, this familiar bird has accompanied human settlement from time immemorial.

Common Wood-Pigeon, Columba palumbus: abundant throughout, in Berlin and the countryside alike, gorging on acorns, beechnuts, and waste grain. This huge and colorful pigeon with its strikingly patterned wings and tail is equally at home on city sidewalks, in wooded parks, and on agricultural fields, and large flocks of apparent migrants are often seen overhead at this season.

Eurasian Collared-Dove, Streptopelia decaocto: predictably, seen in only very small numbers in the villages of the Brandenburg countryside. Now abundant in much of western and southern Germany, this species began its explosive expansion from the Balkans in the 1930s; here as in North America, the dominant direction of colonization has been to the northwest rather than merely north, leaving more easterly areas of northern Europe only sparsely populated. The bizarre scientific name seems to gather today several strands of Balkan folklore (tinyurl.com/VENT-Wright-Decaocto).

Woodpeckers

Great Spotted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos major: small numbers throughout, with excellent views of perched birds in the Friedrichshain and at the Teerofenbrücke north of Schwedt. This is by far the most abundant woodpecker in Europe, but shy—though not always.

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Dryobates minor: one of the scarcest of German woodpeckers, one individual of this reclusive species gave good views perched at the Teerofenbrücke.

Eurasian Green Woodpecker, Picus viridis: a very noisy individual let some of the group see it before disappearing at Charlottenburg.

Black Woodpecker, Dryocopus martius: one flew slowly past us at the Teerofenbrücke, a more or less reliable site for Europe’s biggest woodpecker. The species name “martius,” “of the god Mars,” is another example of the attribution of numinous qualities to large woodpeckers (tinyurl.com/VENT-Wright-WoodpeckerGods).

Falcons

Eurasian Kestrel, Falco tinnunculus: common in the countryside, where we often saw birds hovering over open fields. Our best views were of a female on the banks of the Gülper See, hunting from a fence post and then huddling on the ground with the appearance of White-tailed Eagles overhead.

Shrikes

Great Gray Shrike, Lanius excubitor: one at the Teerofenbrücke. This is an easy bird to miss anywhere in Germany at any season. The species name, “watchman,” refers to the bird’s habit of perching high (as ours did) as if preparing to warn the other small birds—when in fact shrikes perch high in hopes of spying a small bird to eat.

Jays, Magpies, and Crows

Eurasian Jay, Garrulus glandarius: throughout, in the city and in the countryside; some years see massive flights of this species to the south, but numbers were less impressive this autumn. Most were seen in flight, but we had good views in the Friedrichshain, where oddly enough jays seem to associate humans with food. The species name refers to the bird’s favored autumn snack, acorns.

Eurasian Magpie, Pica pica: fairly common out of the city, with a single bird seen flying high over the Friedrichshain on our last morning. This is a distinct species from North America’s Black-billed Magpie, differing most signally in its voice.

Eurasian Jackdaw, Corvus monedula: so abundant over much of Europe, this diminutive crow is always oddly scarce on this tour. This year we glimpsed a single small flock from our bus on the way to the Gülper See.

Rook, Corvus frugilegus: a few scattered here and there in the countryside, but never seen at speeds below 90 kph.

Hooded Crow, Corvus cornix: common and conspicuous throughout, the bird whose voice we woke up to and retired to every day.

Carrion Crow, Corvus corone: a couple of birds in Hooded Crow flocks in the countryside. Berlin is a bit east of the breeding range of “pure” Carrion Crows, and most we see in the area are probably intergrades with Hooded Crows; indeed, the two have sometimes been considered a single species.

Common Raven, Corvus corax: scattered pairs and individuals on fields and over forested areas. The most impressive sighting had to be the single bird sharing its field with Great Bustards, providing a very dramatic measure of just how huge bustards really are.

Swallows

Barn Swallow, Hirundo rustica: very small numbers at the Teerofenbrücke and Gülper See. This is the latest of the swallow species to move south in the autumn.

Tits

Great Tit, Parus major: common and conspicuous throughout, and extremely tame in many areas, including the park at Charlottenburg, where birds happily came to the hand in hope of acorn fragments.

Eurasian Blue Tit, Cyanistes caeruleus: common throughout.

Bushtits

Long-tailed Tit, Aegithalos caudatus: seen well at the Gülper See. This individual had a fair amount of dark on the head, while birds from farther east are typically whiter.

Nuthatches

Eurasian Nuthatch, Sitta europaea: common in parks and woodlands, with the best views in the Friedrichshain and at Charlottenburg.

Treecreepers

Short-toed Treecreeper, Certhia brachydactyla: small numbers throughout, especially well seen in the Friedrichshain. This is often an extraordinarily difficult bird to identify in the field, but several of those we saw showed the wing pattern and bill length well and were quite vocal. The Common Treecreeper tends to be a species of coniferous forests at higher elevations. The reports of these two species in eBird should be treated with caution.

Wrens

Eurasian Wren, Troglodytes troglodytes: a singing bird seen well by most of us at Charlottenburg. At the moment, the old “winter wren” is now considered to comprise three species: this, the North American Winter Wren, and the North American Pacific Wren. It seems likely that several more species will be split off by the taxonomists in years to come.

Leaf Warblers

Common Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita: seen in small numbers at several sites, and often heard calling. Our best views were at the Gülper See; two or three glimpsed on and off at Altfriedland were giving occasional snatches of the jangling metallic song, the inspiration for the name “collybita,” which means “coin counter.”

Sylviids

Eurasian Blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla: a male and a female seen beautifully together in the Friedrichshain on our first morning’s walk. This big, chunky warbler is increasingly common as a wintering bird in northern Europe.

Chats and Flycatchers

European Robin, Erithacus rubecula: common throughout and unusually easy to see this year, with birds bouncing along on the paths in most of the wooded parks we visited. The received notion that the American Robin was named by homesick English colonists seems simplistic (tinyurl.com/VENT-Wright-RobinSkepticism).

Black Redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros: three or four female-plumaged birds on the bleak construction site of the U5 subway expansion.

Thrushes

Eurasian Blackbird, Turdus merula: very common throughout, and easily seen in the Freidrichshain and virtually all other wooded or brushy habitats.

Song Thrush, Turdus philomelos: only a few seen this year, with good views in the Friedrichshain and, more fleetingly, at Sans Souci.

Mistle Thrush, Turdus viscivorus: common overhead at the Gülper See and at the Teerofenbrücke, but we never saw this big brown thrush on the ground this year.

Starlings

European Starling, Sturnus vulgaris: abundant in the countryside; rather less common in the city, and there usually as high flyovers. The notion that starlings were introduced to North America because of a line in Shakespeare is almost certainly false (tinyurl.com/VENT-Wright-StarlingMyth).

Pipits and Wagtails

White Wagtail, Motacilla alba: surprisingly hard to find this year. There were a couple in the Friedrichshain on our first early walk, and two perched on the wires at our restroom stop on the way to Altfriedland.

Buntings

Yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella: very good looks at two or three on the path at the Teerofenbrücke.

Reed Bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus: distant views of perched birds at the Teerofenbrücke. The weird species name has been used over the centuries for everything from wagtails to Dunlins.

Finches

Common Chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs: common throughout, most often seen shuffling along shady paths in wooded parks.

Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes: a “down” year for this species, but most of us had views of three individuals at Sans Souci.

European Greenfinch, Chloris chloris: well seen, if briefly, at the Teerofenbrücke. Until recently one of the most common city birds in Germany, but trichomonosis has taken a significant toll over the past several years.

European Goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis: oddly scarce this year; the best views were a quick sighting at the Teerofenbrücke.

Old World Sparrows

House Sparrow, Passer domesticus: common throughout. Usually very wary, but in parks such as the Friedrichshain and Charlottenburg, some allow very close approach.

Eurasian Tree Sparrow, Passer montanus: a single bird in the gardens at Charlottenburg. This declining species is typically a country-dweller, but large parks and scrubby construction sites in Berlin often have a few. Unlike in the House Sparrow, the sexes are not distinguishable by plumage in the field; bizarrely, the only quite distantly related American Tree Sparrow was originally described as the female of this species.

MAMMALS

Rabbits and Hares

European Rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus: a small colony at the U5 construction site in the Nikolaiviertel.

Squirrels

Eurasian Red Squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris: hearteningly common and easy to see in city parks. Some in Charlottenburg have apparently developed a liking for denim.

Deer

Roe Deer, Capreolus capreolus: common in the countryside.

Bats

Bat sp., Myotis/Eptesicus/Pipistrellus sp.: half a dozen or more over the Friedrichshain on our last early morning walk. They seemed to be small but not tiny, probably ruling out pipistrelles.

BUTTERFLIES

Red Admiral, Vanessa atalanta: a few on warm days.

Peacock Butterfly, Aglais io: several at Altfriedland.

Small Copper, Lycanea phlaeas: several at the Gülper See.

The Reichstag, with tents going up for the celebration of German Unity Day — Photo Rick Wright

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Crossing the Gard

birders birding Pont du Gard

It’s not an hour’s drive to the Pont du Gard, one of the most famous Roman structures in the world, but the rocky banks and garrigue of the river Gardon are a world apart from the marshy lowlands of the Camargue.

We spent a bright, warm morning here admiring both the acumen of the Roman architects and engineers and some pretty exciting birds. As usual, getting out of the parking lot proved our greatest challenge. A pair of black kites was busy building a nest in one of the big poplars, and the first of the day’s several common redstarts hunted the fenceline. The distant song of a golden oriole was simultaneously encouraging — they’re back! — and tantalizing — way back over that way! — but soon enough the bird, or a bird, flashed across the clearing to land in the bare branches of the kites’ home tree: great views of a bird that so often goes barely glimpsed even where, as here, the species is so hearteningly common.

Gardon River from Pont du Gard

The water was notably high this time. Several of the old familiar gravel bars were nearly submerged, to the disappointment of a pair of little ringed plover flying ceaselessly just above the surface of the river. My guess is that they had lost their nest, or at least their anticipated nesting site, to the flood. One or two more were on the rocks on the far bank, but unless water levels fall, there may be no breeding here this year.

reat cormorants, white wagtails, little egrets, and gray herons looked happier. If they were content, the alpine swifts and crag martins were exuberant, flashing above and around and through the arches of the aqueduct. We saw several martins at their nest crannies, while one pair returned persistently to a damp spot on the steep bank, whether to bathe or drink or gather a little mud for the nest we couldn’t tell.

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We had just time for a quick glance into the woods, then it was time for a good lunch at the Terrasses. House sparrows and western jackdaws were our companions, and a blue tit working the edge of the terrace was a “lifer” for some of us.

We were back at the hotel in time to take an hour’s break, then most of us set out to have a look around town. St-Trophime seduced much of our attention. It is impossible not to linger at the Roman sarcophaguses repurposed as altars, especially what may be the most famous example in France, the Sarcophagus of the Red Sea.

Red Sea

From here it was up to the arena, then some were off to gape at Frank Gehry’s new Luma. I decided to work up an appetite for dinner by putting my feet up and listening to the black redstarts, common greenfinchs, and Eurasian collared doves out the window of our hotel room.

This is the life.

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Into the Camargue

European turtle dove

This turtle dove — one of several we were lucky enough to run across today — was tired after the long Mediterranean crossing, but our little group was full of energy and eager for our first excursion into the Rhône delta. We left Arles in a dense overcast, which gave way to warm sunshine as the morning went on, even heat in the late afternoon.

It was stop and go, in the van and out of the van for roadside birds, until we got to the shores of the Etang de Vaccarès at La Capelière, where it seemed as if every step was interrupted by something new: white storks on nests, gangs of greater flamingos honking on the ponds, a flyover by the first European bee-eaters of the trip. It would have been almost too much, if there were possibly such a thing as “too much” for birders.

The wide-open flats of the Fangasser, just to the south, were every bit as good as we’d hoped they would be. Kentish, little ringed, and black-bellied plovers gave beautiful looks, though we could only imagine what nifty rarities must have been mixed in with the clouds of dunlin overhead. Common greenshanks were scattered everywhere, while dense flocks of pied avocets were wading and swimming through the deeper water.

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Of all the fine birds of a very fine place, I still think of the slender-billed gull as the Camargue specialty. These dark-billed beauties are, happily, much more common than they were even twenty years ago when I first birded their out-of-the-way haunts, but it is every bit as exciting today to see “snouties” as it was back when they were a mild rarity.

slender-billed gull

It was already time for lunch, so off to Salin de Giraud just down the road, with a pause along the way for a nice close look at a short-toed snake eagle.

Of the dozen birding spots between there and Arles, we chose the Verdier marshes at Le Sambuc to walk off yet another good meal. It was hot, well into the 80s F, and not much was stirring. Our first purple heron was in the ditch, and common cuckoos, common nightingales, and Cetti’s warblers — nearly all of them characteristically invisible — provided a classic Mediterranean soundtrack.

Tomorrow: the cliffs of the Alpilles.

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Il mar, il suol

Alison in Arles

A long day but an easy trip from Newark to Arles, by way of Paris and Marseille. We were especially happy this time that we could offer a couple of our new birding friends a ride from the airport, sparing them the train ride and giving us some greatly appreciated company on the hour’s drive.

As waited for our room keys, a bit of sleepitude overcame one of us.

Alison arrives in Arles

Not me, though. Once the vehicles were parked, our suitcases in the room, and the optics unpacked, it was time to make some preparations. I took it as a good sign that a Eurasian tree sparrow was hanging out around the corner from our hotel; I can’t remember ever having seen that so attractive species right here in the city.

Eurasian Tree Sparrow

(This one was on the edge of town a couple of springs ago.)

Heartened, we made reservations for our first dinner together as a group — La Paillotte, one of our old favorites — and took a quick walk to confirm the opening hours and days of the other restaurants we’re so much looking forward to eating at.

Birding spots, too, change from year to year, so we set forth to check the conditions at a couple of nearby sites in the Camargue. Not only do water levels vary, but in some years the vegetation is short, in others high enough to make it impractical, even impossible, to look into certain of the marshes with a group.

Looks good this year, though, even if one of the abundant nutrias decided that dry and newly disked might be worth a look.

nutria

We concentrated on more productive habitats, enjoying the usual stonechats, Iberian wagtails, Cetti’s warblers, zitting cisticolas, purple herons, glossy ibis…. The list went on and on. On the water we were happy to see a couple of garganey, and one of the big reed beds offered up a glimpse of a bearded tit — neither species a “gimme” on this tour by any means. Black-headed and Mediterranean gulls were almost continuously in view, and the newly arrived common terns were joined by a gull-billed tern or two, that last species sometimes tricky to find on demand.

short-toed eagle April 2018

It’s a good season for raptors in the Camargue, and though we didn’t see many individuals this afternoon, it was fun to get to watch marsh harriers and a couple of short-toed snake eagles, including this perched bird being harassed by barn swallows, European starlings, and a very persistent common kestrel. (Not sure why my photos didn’t work out; the bird wasn’t nearly as far away as this image suggests.)

Sleepiness seems to be followed invariably by hunger. We’d meant to come back to Arles for an early supper, but the beach traffic was daunting, so we dropped in at the domaine Ricard in Méjanes, where common nightingales and flamingos serenaded us — one species slightly more tuneful than the other — while we ate on the patio.

Alison's supper Me?janes

Hard to beat spring in Provence.

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The 2018 ABA Bird of the Year Stinks

Merrem Iiwi

The stunningly scarlet and black iiwi was the first endemic Hawaiian landbird known to European science: it was the first to be drawn by a European — in 1778, by John Webber aboard Captain Cook’s Resolution — and the first to be formally described — two years later, by Georg Forster.

Forster, who had accompanied his father on Cook’s second voyage, was professor of natural history at Kassel when the German sailor Barthold Lohmann brought him the type specimen — now lost — of what Forster named the “carmine treecreeper.” A testimony to the considerable excitement with which discoveries from the South Seas were welcomed, Forster’s description appeared in print a scant three months after Cook’s ships arrived, without the late Cook himself, in London.

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Most of the bird skins from the voyage remained in Britain, but as early as December 1780, Forster had seen no fewer than three specimens of his Certhia coccinea, well justifying his claim that the bird was “decidedly common” in its native range. Indeed, the expedition’s surgeon, William Anderson, recorded “great numbers of skins” of this species offered up for sale by the Hawaiian natives,

often tied up in bunches of 20 or more, or [with] a small wooden skewer run through their nostrils.

Forster’s type was apparently one of those that had been tied rather than skewered, as he describes in detail the characteristic operculum covering the nostrils.

The Hawaiians, it turns out, had not collected all those iiwis just to please their European guests.

Blumenbach Iiwi

In Forster’s words, the natives of Hawaii

make ornaments and various articles of clothing using the feathers of this bird, which must be extraordinarily abundant there given that such items are not at all rare. Mostly, capes are thoroughly covered with feathers, but the young women also wear necklaces, as thick as a thumb, made entirely of such feathers. For ceremonial dances, they weave as many of seven of these bands around their heads…. Barthold Lohmann … has donated one of these necklaces to the royal museum here [in Kassel].

But what exactly were, in the systematic sense, these birds that gave their brightly colored feathers and their lives to the lush beauty of Hawaiian featherwork? Forster in his original description

had no hesitation in assigning this new species [Gattung] of bird to a place among the treecreepers….

He considered and rejected the possibility of affiliating his new bird to a more exotic group:

Only its bill shape suggests any connection to the birds of paradise, in that it is bent like a scimitar, but shows not a sharp culmen, as in the other treecreepers, but a convex culmen. Incidentally, in the collections of the Landgrave of Hessen’s natural history museum, I have had the opportunity to discover that there are both curve-billed and straight-billed species [Gattungen] in the family [Geschlecht] of birds of paradise…. Already on my trip around the world I noted similar variation among other species [Gattungen], without feeling myself justified in increasing the number of families [Geschlechter]. A treecreeper from Tongatapu has fleshy wattles or beards… and two further species from New Zealand… are distinctive for their stronger, longer feet, just like the one [namely, the iiwi] lying before me.

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John Latham was of the same opinion, retaining the species in the genus Certhia in his 1790 account; inexplicably, Latham took it upon himself to replace Forster’s perfectly good epithet coccinea with vestiaria (“of clothing”), an invalid alteration that would nevertheless give rise to a widely used genus name for the iiwi. Even as late as 1820, Louis-Pierre Vieillot agreed that the “eee-eve” (another example of the great French ornithologist’s struggles with written English) was simply the representative of “a different tribe” of treecreepers found in the South Pacific.

There were competing taxonomic assessments, though. Blasius Merrem reported finding a specimen in the museum at Göttingen (kept there with a fine example of featherwork) labeled with the name “Red Humming-Bird.” Merrem moved the erstwhile treecreeper into the genus Mellisuga, erected in 1760 by Mathurin Brisson for the vervain hummingbird; in 1783, Joseph Märter shifted it into another Brissonian hummingbird genus, Polytmus. 

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The most influential early recognition that the iiwi was not a close Certhia relative (and indeed not a hummingbird, either) came in 1820, when Coenraad Jacob Temminck described the genus Drepanis on the basis of the now extinct Hawaii mamo; his new genus also included the iiwi.

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Today, following a suggestion first offered by R.C.L. Perkins in 1893, the iiwi and its finch-like Hawaiian relatives are recognized as a close assemblage within the “winter finch” subfamily Carduelinae. Support for grouping them together is provided by a range of shared features, including similarities in plumage, musculature, tongue structure, nostril structure, and vocalizations.

And smell. Odor. Scent. Aroma. Fragrance. Stench.

Shaw and NOdder Iiwi 1791

Perkins was the first western scientist

to notice the scent emitted by so many and so different species of Hawaiian birds. I cannot liken this scent to any other that I know; but I should certainly call it disagreeable.

It was in fact “the peculiar odour” like that of mildewed canvas that first led Perkins to conclude that the thin-billed and the thick-billed Hawaiian honeycreepers belonged to one and the same family. The smell, apparently produced by the uropygial gland, is said to be so strong that it contaminates the feathers of birds placed in the same museum drawer with honeycreepers, and traces of the odor can be transferred from specimen to specimen by the hands of researchers.

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Which raises a question, I think. Heinrich Zimmermann, Cook’s coxswain on the third voyage, noted that one only rarely saw the red feathered cloaks and capes worn, which led him to believe that their use must be largely restricted to religious ritual. I wonder, though, if perhaps, for all their visual splendor, they weren’t just too smelly.

The iiwi is the 2018 Bird of the Year of the American Birding Association

 

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